Infection Control Essay

This is a reflective assignment that will reflect upon a scenario that took place during the clinical placement of a student nurse in theatres. The assignment will focus on MRSA protocols in theatres, why it is important and how the use of reflection assists in the continuous professional development of a student nurse. Throughout the assignment the author will use the Rolfe reflective framework (2001, cited in Jasper, 2003) to explore what happened through out the scenario using the three stages of what, so what and now what. Reflection is a useful tool which health care professionals use to improve their skills and advance their future practice by revisiting scenarios that occurred and exploring why something happened, whether it could be improved in any way or to recognize good practice (Jasper & Rosser, 2013); In accordance to The Code (NMC, 2008) which dictates that all patient information should be kept confidential, and the Data protection Act (1998) which also governs that patient information should be kept secure and released to only those necessary or to who the patient shares it with; All patient details will be kept private and the patient is referred to only as the patient. During a surgical procedure in theatre the MRSA protocol was being followed. However during the procedure a Doctor left the theatre and then tried to re enter the preparation room, the â€Å"clean† circulating nurse did not allow this and informed the doctor to change scrubs and wash their shoes straight away. A full description of the scenario is attached as Appendix 1. The nurse was trying to minimize risk of cross infection as clothing and footwear could be contaminated by surfaces (Kumar, Saunders & Watson, 2000). The student nurse needs to have a good understanding of MRSA, protocols and research and evidence based approaches to deliver safe and appropriate care whilst minimizing risk of cross infection. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that is resistant to a number of antibiotics that treat infection including methicillin. There are different strains of Staphylococcus aureus making it harder or easier to treat. MRSA can live in the nostrils or on skin and is  easily transferred from person to person or surface by contact, it can also be dispersed by skin particles through the air (McNeil, Mody & Bradley, 2002), contaminating beds and surfaces (Kumar, Saunders & Watson, 2000 ) and can remain active for longer than 6 months (Wagenvoort, Sluijsmans & Penders, 2000).This is why hand hygiene and environmental cleanliness is so important (Crowcroft, 1996). The bacterium can enter the bloodstream through small cuts or a wound; Depending on individuals’ immune system people can fight off lower strains of MRSA with minimal infection symptoms such as pain, temperature, dizziness etc. However people with lowered immune systems i.e. people in hospital w ith existing health complaints or infections can be harder to treat (Dougherty &Lister, 2004). MRSA is a virulent pathogen and when it doesn’t respond to treatment can cause sepsis, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis and can even result in death (Weigeit, 2007). During theatre procedures the same source isolation nursing that is used on the wards is used in theatres nursing that is used on the wards (NHS, 2012). St George’s Hospital (NHS St Georges Trust, 2012) theatre policy outlines during theatre and recovery staff numbers should be kept to a minimum, all unnecessary equipment should be removed from theatre, staff should wear protective clothing and a plastic gown, after the procedure all equipment and surfaces should be cleaned and patients should be nursed using source isolation practices. (Dougherty & Lister, 2004) Source isolation aims to keep the source of infection from spreading anywhere by means of hand washing, washing, protective clothing and incineration of all disposable waste in a controlled manor. The National Institute for clinical excellence also highlighted the importance of source isolation regarding MRSA discussing its negative impacts on health ranging from discomfort to serious disability or death. (NICE, 2011) in 2009/10 the NHS dealt with almost 1900 bloodstream infections, each infection cost the NHS around  £7000. The aim in following guidelines is to protect patients, protect staff and to protect the environment for the next patient who will enter the theatre having an operation (Dougherty & Lister, 2004). Thanks to evidence based clinical practice and improved hand hygiene MRSA bloodstream infection rates have dropped by 41% in the NHS across England  since 2009 and a further 29% in 2012/2013 (Department of Health, 2012) From this event the student was able to reflect on research and evidence based approaches specifically in regards to MRSA and gain a more in-depth understanding of MRSA. Reading about bacterium and paths of transmission helped the student nurse have a better understanding of infection control measures and their importance.

Lesson Plan for Student Centered Learning Strategies

Learning Strategies Lesson Learning Strategies Lesson According to Dr. Deshler, most students begin to experience a performance gap in the fifth grade (Laureate Education, Inc. , 2012a). The bridge to close this gap is built by changing the pedagogy of the teacher and the learning strategies of the students. The learning strategies taught to the students enable them to develop into independent thinkers and learners (Friend & Bursuck, 2009). Student-centered learning incorporates effective learning strategies with the mathematics curriculum and provides students with the means to meet their potential.Every sixth grade student learns to transition from multiplication with numbers to variables. This transition also includes a development from the distributive property of a monomial times a binomial to the product of two binomials. Finding the product of two binomials can be a daunting task, unless students are presented the material in connection with a learning strategy that they are a ble to master. The lesson, found in the appendix, is designed to facilitate the evolution of multiplication of monomials and binomials.It was taught to one struggling seventh grade student who is the product of social passing throughout her mathematical career. The mathematics was written to help the young lady succeed, despite other mathematical shortcoming that could stand in her way. The lesson was designed to begin with a review of mathematical vocabulary and the distributive property. Students learn better when new concepts are anchored to known or familiar ideas. The young lady has a solid understanding of the distributive property, but struggles with vocabulary.The warm-up program and Activity 1 provide the opportunity to align the vocabulary with the process that she has already mastered. This prior knowledge was then completed under a guided practice, with the student summarizing the process in her own words giving her ownership of the concept. The next step in the lesson w as to connect the distributive property to multiplying binomials. Although this is an effective method for simplifying these products, it requires more writing and can be time consuming. With these hindrances in mind, the lesson moved into teaching the multiplication of binomials using the FOIL strategy.FOIL stands for the product of the First terms plus the product of the Outer terms plus the product of the Inner terms plus the product of the Last terms. The lesson connected these products to the corresponding letters of the word. Another method was taught during the FOIL process and this method was the quickest for her to acquire. It entailed drawing the lines to connect the First terms, the Outer terms, the Inner terms and the Last terms. When drawn above and below the binomials, the lemonhead face is formed.After numerous examples of these methods were practiced, the student completed some on her own. At the end of our time together, she went home with 10 problems assigned throu gh our online mathematics program, Digits. Her score showed that she correctly worked 8 out of 10 problems correctly. Upon looking at her mistakes, both were errors in multiplying positive and negative numbers. According to Benson (2012), student-centered learning promotes authentic learning, helps students develop critical thinking skills and increases metacognitive awareness.By working through a well-developed lesson, teachers have the opportunity to teach, model and cue the use of various student-centered learning strategies (Laureate Education, Inc. , 2012 b). Students, with and without special needs, struggle to attain the skills learned throughout their educational careers. By becoming strategic learners, students are able to move past their difficulties through the incorporation of effective learning strategies. References Benson, S. (2012). The Relative Merits of PBL (Problem-Based Learning) in University Education. Online Submission. Retrieved April 2, 2013.Friend, M. , & B ursuck, W. D. (2009). Including students with special needs: A practical guide for classroom teachers (5th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012a). Content Enhancements. [Webcast]. Baltimore: Author. Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012b). Learning Strategies. [Webcast]. Baltimore: Author. Appendix Lesson Plan- Multiplication of binomials Standard: 6. EE. A. 3 Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions Warm-Up Problem (WUP) What do the following words mean?Product, sum, difference, binomial, increased by, decreased by Rewrite as 3(1+-2x) Rewrite as 3(1+-2x) Activity 1: Review the Distributive Property Directions: Multiply Ex. 1 4(5x + 7)Ex. 2 3(1 – 2x) 4(5x) + 4(7) 3(1) + 3(-2x) Rewrite as -8(-1+-9x) Rewrite as -8(-1+-9x) 20x + 28 3 + -6x = 3 – 6x Ex. 3 -2(6x + 11)Ex. 4 -8(-1 – 9x) -2(6x) + -2(11) -8(-1) + -8(-9x) -12x + -22 = -12x – 22 8 + 72x Activity 2: Tr y these on your own (OYO)! OYO 1 -5(x – 10)OYO 2 Write a brief summary of -5 (1x + -10)how to use the distributive property. 5(1x) + -5 (-10) -5x + 50 Activity 3: Multiply two binomials using the distributive property Ex. 5 (3x + 4)(x + 5)Ex. 6 (x + 3)(x – 12) 3x(x + 5) + 4(x + 5) x(x – 12) + 3(x – 12) 3Ãâ€"2 + 15x + 4x + 20 x2 – 12x + 3x -36 3Ãâ€"2 + 19x + 20 x2 – 9x – 36 (Continued on next page) Ex. 7 (3 – 2x)(2 – 3x)Ex. 8 (x + 2)(5x – 6) 3(2 + -3x) + -2x(2 + -3x) x(5x + – 6) + 2(5x + -6) 6 + -9x + -4x + 6Ãâ€"2 5Ãâ€"2 +-6x + 10x + -12 6Ãâ€"2 + -13x + 6 5 x2 + 4x – 12Activity 4: Try these on your own (OYO)! OYO 3 (3x -1)(2x + 5)OYO 4 (x + 4)(x – 12) 3x(2x + 5) + -1(2x + 5) x(x + -12) + 4(x + -12) 6Ãâ€"2 + 15x + -2x + -5 x2 + -12x + 4x + -48 6Ãâ€"2 + 13x + -5 x2 + -8x + – 48 Activity 5: Multiply two binomials using FOIL (x + a)(x+b) F multiply the FIRST terms in the parentheses + O multiply the OUTSIDE terms in the parentheses + I multiply the INSIDE terms in the parentheses + L multiply the LAST terms in the parentheses Ex. 9 (3x + 4)(x + 5)Ex. 0 (x + 3)(x – 12) = (x + 3) (x + -12) F + O + I + LF + O + I + L (3x)(x) + (3x)(5) + (4)(x) + (4)(5) (x)(x) + (x)(-12) + (3)(x) + (3)(-12) 3Ãâ€"2 + 15x + 4x + 20 x2 + -12x + 3x + -36 3Ãâ€"2 + 19x + 20 x2 + -9x + -36 Ex. 11 (3 – 2x)(2 – 3x)Ex. 12 (x + 2)(5x – 6) (3 + -2x) (2 + -3x) (x+2)(5x+ -6) F + O + I + LF + O + I + L (3)(2) + (3)(-3x) + (-2x)(2) + (-2x)(-3x) x)(5x) + (x)(-6) + (2)(5x) + (2)(-6) 6 + -9x + -4x + 6Ãâ€"2 5Ãâ€"2 +-6x + 10x + -12 6Ãâ€"2 + -13x + 6 5 x2 + 4x + -12 Activity 6: Try these on your own (OYO)! OYO 5 (3x -1)(2x + 5)OYO 6 (x + 4)(x – 12) (3x + -1)(2x + 5) (x + 4) (x + -12) F + O + I + LF + O + I + L (3x)(2x) + (3x)(5) + (-1)(2x) + (-1)(5) (x)(x) + (x)(-12) + (4)(x) + (4)(-12) 6Ãâ€"2 + 15x + -2x + -5 x2 + -12x + 4x + -48 6Ãâ€"2 + 13x + -5 x2 + -8x + â⠂¬â€œ 48Activity 7: Applications Christina has a square garden. When she increases her garden’s width by 3 meters and decreases its length by 4 meters, the garden’s area is 60 m2. What are the dimensions of the garden before she changed everything? Step 1: Draw a picture and label X+3 X+3 X X X-4 X-4 X X Step 2: Write an equation A = L * W 60 = (x+3)(x-4) Step 3: Guess and Check (answer is 9 m)

Civil Disobedience and Antigone Essay

Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech focuses on the importance of freedom and brotherhood in a nation and is intended to rally Americans to demonstrate their anger at the injustices of segregation and racism through â€Å"creative protest.† While King’s passion and anger at the status quo is obvious in the text, he specifically states that they â€Å"must not allow [their] [protest] to degenerate into physical violence.† He is pushing for defiance against the government. Antigone exhibits the same kind of defiance when she goes against Creon’s law and completes her brother’s burial rites. Antigone, like Martin Luther King Jr., was faced with conflicting obligations; the obligation of a citizen to follow the law, and personal obligation to fight what one feels is wrong. A theme appears in both texts that one’s morals are more important than the law of the land. Antigone sacrificed her life to complete what she felt needed to be completed based on her religious beliefs. King dedicated his life to obtaining freedom for black people in America and was eventually killed for what he believed in, linking the two. If Sophocles and Martin Luther King Jr. were to have a conversation, the two would most certainly agree on some things. Both would agree that one must follow their heart and fight things they feel must be changed. They would agree that one must not stand idly by as injustice takes place, such as segregation or the body of one’s brother left to rot above the ground. While Antigone is not a central figure in a civil rights movement, she does exhibit civil disobedience, bridging the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech and Antigone.

Interest rates and exchange rates (the details will be shown in Assignment

Interest rates and exchange rates (the details will be shown in instruction) - Assignment Example This is mainly because of the indifference of the investors. When the interest rate parity is covered, the interest rates and the forward exchange rate between two countries will be in equilibrium. This means that in such equilibrium, each unit return of home currency will be equal to the foreign currency. Thus, the covered interest rate parity states that the forward premium and the interest rate between two countries are equal and there will be no opportunity for arbitrage (Wang, 2009, pp.49-56). (Source: Dollery, University of Hull) The application of covered interest parity is that when it holds true, an investor will be indifferent of investment choice between two countries. For instance, if a French investor has the choice of either to invest or deposit in â‚ ¬ or $ then under CIRP, the investor will get same return irrespective of choice of currency. This is because in equilibrium the future value of investment or deposit will be same for both the currencies (Johann, 2008, p.10). Additionally, there will not be any scope for making profit due to the condition of no-arbitrage in CIRP (Gandolfo, 2002, pp.43-45). The covered interest rate parity is represented by the following equation: (1 + r$) = Ft/St x (1 + râ‚ ¬) Where, Ft = forward exchange rate during time‘t’; & the left hand side of the equation shows that dollar deposits return is equal to euro deposits the returns (Ullrich, 2009, pp.19-22). 2. Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIRP) – Investment in First Country The interest rate parity assumes that investors are willing to exchange foreign assets with domestic assets and vice-versa when there is opportunity of making profit from transactions. The theory also assumes that the assets are identical and hence perfect substitutes (Clark, 2002, pp.72-75). On the basis of this assumption it can be said that the investors will be willing to hold assets that yields superior returns irrespective of the origin country. This means that any random investor’s choice of investment decision will not be influenced by forward rates since the investor will earn equal returns on either option. This is because of the interest rate parity theory discussed earlier which assumes that there is no opportunity for arbitrage and the returns of domestic assets will be equal to that of foreign asset (Baillie and McMahon, 1990, pp.150-159). When the investor do not use the forward contract to hedge exchange rate fluctuations and the interest rate parity holds true (no opportunity for arbitrage), then the IRP is said to be uncovered (Harvey, 2008, p.90). The significance of uncovered interest rate parity is that it helps to determine the spot exchange rate by using the concept that expected changes in spot rate of two countries is equal to their interest rate differential (Melvin and Norrbin, 2012, p.115-119). a) Expected Exchange Rate Three Months from Birthday For the purpose of the study, the interest rates based on three month treasury bonds and changes in the interest rates were collected on daily basis. The exchange rates were extracted are the daily close price of exchange rates taken on the

What is Effective Leadership within an Organisational Context Essay

What is Effective Leadership within an Organisational Context - Essay Example It seems that these characteristics are not standardized. Indeed, each leader seems to have different criteria for prioritizing organizational needs and for handling organizational crises. For this reason, the description of effective leadership may have different forms, focusing on the leader’s personal characteristics (traits), the role of leadership in transforming the organizational environment and so on. The review of the theories developed in the particular field led to the following assumption: effective leadership can exist in modern organizations but not in its ideal form. This means that even leaders who are characterized as quite successful may fail in responding to all needs of their organization. This finding can be characterized as logical since leaders, like all people, can also have weaknesses and preferences. However, there is a characteristic that differentiates successful leaders from others, non-charismatic leaders; successful leaders are able to use their weaknesses as means for promoting their ideas. The lack of flexibility of Margaret Thatcher in regard to her political decisions has been also considered as a power for supporting her ideas. In other words, in charismatic leaders, weaknesses are transformed into exceptional characteristics, contributing in the success of these leaders within their environment. 2. Effective leadership – description and analysis 2.1 Nature of leadership The last decades, the development of leadership has been rapid. The reason is that the specific concept has been highly related to the organizational development. In fact, it has been proved that leaders have a key role in the success of organizations in the international market. A wide range of leadership definitions has appeared, aiming to explain the nature of the concept and its role in the organizational performance. In accordance with a well-known description of leadership, this of Bass (1990), the most appropriate description of leadershi p would refer to leadership as ‘a group of processes’ (Bass 1990, in Northouse 2010, p.2). In the context of the above description, the leader is believed to be the center of organizational processes, and that his views reflect the views of his environment, meaning the employees. However, the above description fails in explaining the role of leader in taking initiatives, a role which is quite important for modern organizations, as analyzed further in the sections that follow. From another point of view, Northouse (2010) notes that leadership can be considered as a concept reflecting ‘a combination of special traits’ (Northouse 2010, p.2), meaning that each leader has specific characteristics, which are those that make the particular leader exceptional within his environment, both the internal and the external. The trait-theory on leadership, as described above, is quite popular, focusing on the personality of leader and not so much on his role within the or ganization. It is expected that the response of each leader to his environment will be different, in accordance with his personal characteristics, meaning his perceptions, his background and his skills. 2.2 Types of leadership in modern organization As noted above, the views of theorists in regard to leadership and its role are differentiated. Most theorists consider leadership as related more to the personal characteristics of the leader, a view promoted in the traits theory of leadership. However, there are also theorists who

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Land Law - Essay Example Secondly, it must be a right that is capable of being transferred under the force of law and in this case, a right that comes with conditions could be limited where the conditions are not met3. Finally, the right to a given piece of land must last over a reasonable number of time and must not be one that changes frequently4. In the case of National Provincial Bank Ltd V Ainsworth, it was held that a deserted wifes rights to property she was occupying was not enough be recognised in English Law. Although she fulfilled some conditions, her right to land was not granted in the case. However, in other instances, equity generated by proprietary estoppel is recognised as a property right capable of binding third parties. This paper will critically discuss the case of the â€Å"deserted wifes equity† in the case above and the position of proprietary estoppel. They will all be examined and evaluated on the basis of their components and their merits in relation to UK land law. This will provide the basis for the explanation and justification of the legal worth and power of the two concepts in UK land law. In the case at hand, Mr. and Mrs. Ainsworth lived in Sussex. The land was registered in the name of Mr. Ainsworth. Mr. Ainsworth however moved out in 1957. Mrs. Ainsworth occupied the property and remained in charge whilst Mr. Ainsworth was living away from the house. In 1958, Mr. Ainsworth borrowed  £1,000 from the National Provincial Bank and used their Sussex house as the charge or collateral for the loan. In 1962, Mr. Ainsworth fell back in the repayment of the loan to the bank. The bank moved to take possession of the house. Mrs. Ainsworth refused to leave the house. The bank sought a possession order. This is because Mrs. Ainsworths right to the property was based on the equitable right to control the bank. The banks claim was to seek an order for specific performance meant to equitably dispossess Mrs. Ainsworth of the property. On the other hand, Mrs.

Set350 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Set350 - Research Paper Example The combustion of the fuel produces a force that steers the machine, but this was not attained overnight. It was attained after continuous research and experimentations by various scientists. This paper explores the evolution of the diesel engine from 1893 to 1900. Rudolph started the development of the diesel engine in 1992 after filing and acquiring a patent in Germany believing that an engine that automatically ignites would have lower risk of fire, long service life, and move long distances using low amounts of fuel (1, par 1). Through various experimentations, Rudolph’s efforts bore fruits in 1893 when he, for the first time, produced a model that operated at 26% efficiency an efficiency which was twice that of steam engines that were in use (4, par 1). Rudolph continued improving his model and in February 1897, he ran a practical diesel engine which he exhibited at a Fair in Paris in the same year (1, par 2; 2, par 2). Apparently, this model, which operated at a whopping efficiency of 75%, portrayed Rudolph’s idea and vision as it was primarily powered by the original biodiesel, peanut oil (1, par 1). However, he hoped to improve the usability and competitiveness of the engine by developing mechanisms that would allow the u se of biomass fuel as this will also make it affordable to farmers, industries as well as the common folk (1, par 2; 4, par 3). In 1899, Rudolph licensed Krupp and Sulzer who immediately became major manufacturers of the engine (2, par 3). Apparently, previous engines had huge fuel injection propels that made them heavy and unfavorable for shipping (4, par 2). Thus, the new small and light diesel engine benefited submarines with various submarines being built in 1910, 1912, and 1913. Due to his political ideas that confronted those of the German government, Rudolph is thought to have been

Andrew Jackson and John Marshall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Andrew Jackson and John Marshall - Essay Example chief justice whose opinions assisted in laying the U.S. constitution. Marshall as chief justice, did not rely in any way on other people’s opinion, but believed that the law should guide his ruling. He steered his justices and only one time did he appear on the losing side in a case involving the constitution. He had set his own standards of constitution interpretation. In the Marbury v. Madison case, Marshall was of the opinion that the case violated the constitution by trying to expand the original and existing jurisdiction of the highest court. In this case, Marshall ruled it unconstitutional. This case made the Marshall proclaim the doctrine of review of the judiciary. In the case of McCulloch v. Maryland, which involved balancing of powers between the states and the federal government, Marshall ruled on federal supremacy. Marshall was of the opinion that states were not liable of taxing federal institutions. He prevented the states from establishing laws that would violate the federal law. Marshall upheld the congressional authority in cre ating a second bank of U.S, though the powers to govern this were not stated in the constitution expressly. In Worcester v. Georgia, a Georgia statute prohibited those who were not Indians from being present on Indian lands without having a license of doing so from the state. In this case, Marshall ruled it unconstitutional under the ground that the federal government had exclusive authority in dealing with such matters. It is believed that, in this ruling, Andrew Jackson was not happy about the ruling of Marshall and looked forward to seeing whether the ruling would be implemented, but it was at the very end and Worcester was freed. Andrew Jackson is seen as one of the presidents who did not protect, preserve or defended the constitution. During his swearing in, he said the words, but did not seem to follow them as required. During the Worcester v. Georgia case, Marshall had ruled that the federal law

Principles of Macroecomomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Principles of Macroecomomics - Essay Example Unemployment can be measured by the claimant count or the standardized ILO unemployment measure. (Abel, 2010) Unemployment can be classified into two broad categories: Equilibrium unemployment and Disequilibrium unemployment. When Aggregate Demand for Labor (ADL) equals Aggregate Supply of Labor (ASL) at market wage rate, the labor market is said to be in equilibrium. The difference between the ASL and the labor force is known as equilibrium unemployment or the natural rate of unemployment. This represents the excess of people looking for work over those actually willing to accept jobs. This can be seen in the graph shown below. (Dornbusch, 2006) As shown in the diagram above, distance AB is the equilibrium unemployment. This type of unemployment may occur due to frictional (irreducible minimum level of unemployment in a dynamic and growing economy), structural (resulting from the mismatch of skills and job opportunities), regional (associated with specific regions often due to the c oncentration of industries in a region) or seasonal (associated with industries or regions where demand for labor is lower at certain times) causes. (Dornbusch, 2006) Disequilibrium unemployment occurs when real wages in the economy are above equilibrium level. This means either the ASL exceeds the ADL or that stickiness in wages prevents wages falling to equilibrium level. The labor market is in a state of disequilibrium, it may be due to real wage (unemployment created when labor wages are deliberately maintained above market clearing level) or demand deficient unemployment (associated with cyclical downturn or recession). (Dornbusch, 2006) Now let us take the consider interest rate. Interest is a rate at which the interest has to be paid by the borrower to the lender apart from the principle amount. Interest rate is a tool of the monetary policy which the government uses in order affect the money supply of the economy in order to achieve macroeconomic objectives. Interest rates a re of two types: real and nominal. Real interest rates are interest rates that are formed in accordance with the rate of inflation. On the other hand nominal interest rate refers to the amount, in money term of interest payable. (Dornbusch, 2006) There are many reasons that may lead to a change in the interest rates. Firstly, it may lead to short-term political gains. Politicians do this in order attain public support; however, it may later lead to problems later on. Deferred consumption may also lead to changes in interest rates. Speculation may lead to changes in the interest rates as well, for instance if consumers think that interest rates are going to rise, the consumers would demand more bonds and thus increase demand for bonds, this would lead to an even higher increase in interest rates. (McEachern, 2008) High levels of unemployment means that the economy is not functioning at its production possibility function, that is, it is underachieving and that it can produce more goo ds but that would require the economy to function more efficiently than it is doing right now. Unemployment imposes private, economic as well as social costs. In that not only does it represent a was of valuable resources but also causes suffering in terms of increased poverty, falling living standards and psychological disorders. Naturally, the costs of unemployment depend on its severity and duration. The costs

Event Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Event Management - Essay Example The industry has also experienced numerous world fairs visibility and major sports events, during the recent century as Goldbatt (2000) asserts. Moreover, the events industry is developing and transitioning from a growth into maturity. The economic effects of an event may differ because developed event type and the market appealed to that particular event. A scale of event has a direct correlation with the impact level. Events fixed length encourages visitors to attend. The extra experience acts as a form of indirect marketing for a region altogether. This provides a chance to grasp a market that was previously untapped. The incoming guests bring with them money, further expanding the market. Subsequently, both real and potential generation of revenue is increased. These events are an attraction that has both the power of drawing and holding. This means that they not only marshal in new tourists, but also assist to keep them in a region longer. It shows the significance of gauging the economic effects of events of tourists who specifically came to the event and those that did not stay longer because of the event. This means that they are not only ushering in new guests, but they also assist in keeping them in the region longer. Consequently, this portrays the significance of gauging the economic effect of those that come to the event and those that did not and extended their stay because of the event (Janeczko, Mules & Ritchie 2002). In addition, even though, they may have numerous other objectives, events in regional destinations aid the growth of tourism and the subsequent economic development. Traditionally, economic impact of the event industry has centered on spending of visitors and multipliers that extended this spending to other segments of the economy. They may be linked to job creation or income. Nonetheless, because of variation in formulas, the event industry has faced hitches in paralleling how they

Chinese Burial Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chinese Burial Practices - Essay Example An older person, according to Chinese tradition, does not show respect to someone younger so if a young child dies, no burial rites are performed since there is no one that can pay their respects. A child is buried with silence. If a young unmarried man dies, his parents cannot bring his body home or offer prayers. However, burial practices for an elderly person must strictly adhere to certain traditions. These rites which befit the deceased’s age and social status must be carried out by the family whether or not they can afford it without going into debt (â€Å"Chinese Funeral Customs†, 2003). After a person has died, their body is cleaned with a damp towel dusted with powder then dressed in simple, basic attire before being placed in the coffin. All of the other clothes of the deceased are burned. The body is not dressed in red as this is believed to transform the body into a ghost. The body is covered with a light blue cloth, the face with yellow (â€Å"Chinese Funeral Custom†, 2003). Adornments such as jewelry are not worn because â€Å"the deceased has already taken rebirth and would not be able to take anything along with him† (Suvanno, 1996). In the house of the deceased family, mirrors are temporarily removed because it is thought that if someone sees the coffin’s reflection in a mirror, this will lead to their own demise. Red paper covers any statues of gods in the house and a white cloth is placed over the front door of the house with a gong placed either to the left of the cloth if a man died or to the right for a woman (â€Å"Chinese Funer al Custom†, 2003). During the wake, the coffin is positioned on a stand in the home if the deceased passed away at home or is placed outside if the person did not die at home. The coffin remains unsealed during the wake and is positioned with the head of the body toward the home on two stools about a foot tall. Visitors are obliged to light incense to show respect for the departed and to

The island or that the island exerts an evil influence on them Essay Example for Free

The island or that the island exerts an evil influence on them Essay Which do you think is more true, that the boys bring evil to the island or that the island exerts an evil influence on them? PLAN: Fear of the unknown, evil exerted upon them, the fear of the unknown makes them believe in the beast, the evil was always in them and because of the circumstances on the island, it takes form as the beast. Lord of the Flies, a William Golding classic, filled to the brim with a meaningful and descriptive story of boys who become stranded on a desert island. Their survival becomes and endless battle among nature, savagery, and The Beast, a fantasy nightmare that manifests itself to become the boys biggest fear. Upon arrival on the island, their confrontation with their situation was blunt, although they did try to appoint a chief, some disagreed with the overall result; and the freckles on Jacks face disappeared under blush of mortification pg. 30. The truth has suddenly been put this boy into his place, who thought he is the most popular on the island, the fact now shows that he isnt. This is a fear, a fear of interrogation, a threat of overpowering and control, and it is this fear that brings the evil to the island. Jacks need to be in control turns him and his followers into savages, and so brings the downfall of their civilisation. After the landing of the dead parachutist, the fear of the unknown begins. They believe that the dead parachutist is The Beast but become too afraid to go and see if it is really a beast; We saw the beast- plain! pg. 122 Sam and Eric both claimed to have seen The Beast, but hadnt confirmed anything. By finishing each others sentences here they show the fear in their voices. This fear is added to the anonymity of The Beast and interpritated as something to be afraid of, and to some, something that can and must be destroyed. The savagery begins. From this savagery comes the hunting of The Beast. Jack demands that they should fight against The Beast putting the idea of an actual beast into the young boys minds, creating an even bigger fear, a fear of the unknown. The more that they think about this beast the more afraid they become, and the more afraid they become the more they think about the beast. Its a vicious cycle with destroyed the entire civilisation on the island. The boys dont kill The Beast because they fail to realise that The Beast is something that they created within themselves, an evil that has been portrayed from the minds of innocent boys, and twisted by the deception of false truth. The island has made the unknown into a nightmare that the boys cant fight.

Teaching Strategies Analysis Teaching Methods in the Classroom

Teaching Strategies Analysis Teaching Methods in the Classroom Peoples attitude as a result of learning might not show itself as the effect of the learning till they engage in some sort of academic activities later. Learning is considered to be something that is capable of bringing a perpetual change eventually in the entire set up of an individual with regards to physical activities that they are involved in and in their general mind set (Burn, 1995). The ability to learn is one of the successes achieved in the world of knowledge. Teachers adopt a lot of teaching strategies in order to ensure effective learning by their students. There is a relationship between applying a wide range of teaching strategies and effective learning in the classroom. Apart from having different teaching strategies, there are also different learning styles which include Accomodators, Assimilators, Convergers and Divergers. Most students learn by adopting a mixture of these learning styles. As part of their responsibility to incorporate different teaching methods which is expected to bring about effective learning, teachers also identify a range of learning styles that their lessons will address as well as the teaching strategies that will engage their pupils the most. Again teachers try to match their pupils preference for learning to their own preferred range of teaching strategies. The way and manner in which a teacher guides, instructs and imparts knowledge to students is known as the teaching style. Teachers have their own teaching style but may also adopt a range of teaching methods depending on the individual needs and abilities of the pupils. Some teachers prefer lecturing, demonstrating or having a discussing with the pupils. Some pay attention to rules and examples while others emphasises on memorising and understanding. Other methods include active learning, case method, cooperative learning, integrating technology and distance learning. In the same way an individuals learning style is seen as the ways in which he or she characteristically acquires, retains and retrieves information. Collectively, again pupils learn in different ways which includes by seeing and learning; reflecting and acting; reasoning logically and intuitively; memorising and visualization. The teaching styles of teachers may not always match the students learning styles in which case can result in adverse effects on the quality of the students learning and the class as a whole (Felder and Silverman 1988; Lawrence 1993; Oxford et al. 1991; Schmeck 1988). It is known that how much knowledge a student acquires depends partly on the students natural ability and how much preparation has been made before the lesson and also partly on how compatible is the students and teachers approach to learning and teaching respectively. Students involved in cooperative tasks try to find solutions to problems that will help team mates in their small group and not only for themselves. In our world today there is an ever increasing need for one person to depend on another in almost everything we do. By working as a team students learn to mutually depend on each other. It is thus vital that teachers try to equip students with the necessary tools that are efficient to an effective team work in a collaborative learning. One way in which students effectively learn from one another is through cooperative learning. One teaching strategy among a wide range of others that has been identified as an effective method of teaching is cooperative learning involving students in small groups with different levels of ability. This teaching style adopts a range of learning activities to make understanding of the subject easier. Each member in a group apart from learning also has the responsibility of helping teammates to learn. Also each group member has a specific task and everyone must be involved in the learning because the success of the group usually depends on the successful work of every individual member. Again group members continue to practice concepts until the whole group are able to understand and can complete the task that is given. Mediation is an essential part of cooperative learning. Conflicts sometimes occur when students learn in groups. Mediation in cooperative learning is where students facilitate resolving disputes between groups. Peer mediation has been proven effective because it is believed that it changes the way students understands and resolve conflicts in their lives is modelling, facilitating and coaching. Coaching involves giving hints or clues, providing feedback, redirecting students efforts and helping their use of a strategy. That is to provide them with right amount of help when they need it. Cooperation is about depending and interacting with one another, being responsible for whatever you do and the ability to display interpersonal skills. Incorporating these in cooperating learning will make cooperative learning a success (Johnson et al., 1993). The success of cooperative learning brings about: Providing opportunities for greater understanding of underlying concepts through practice and discussions among team members Promoting learning actively and the ability to remember what you have learnt Developing students social and communication skills Promoting self esteem/concept Enhancing students motivation and understanding Learning and benefiting from each other For cooperative learning methods to work effectively in class, the teacher has to employ well structured and tried and tested tasks using the standard rules and aims of cooperative learning. There are different cooperative learning activities that can be done in class. This includes round robin brainstorming, jigsaw, three-minute review, number headed together, team pair solo, circle the stage, think-pair-share and partners (Kagan, 1986). Ray (2008) in his article mentioned some examples of cooperative learning strategies which included group investigation, group success and cooperative joint reading structure. To enhance students motivation and enable them to work well as students teams are rewarded in cooperative learning activities. This will make students responsible for their part of the work and work hard to achieve success for the entire group which normally comprise of between 4 to 6 students. It should also be established that individuals in a cooperative learning team are responsible for their actions whiles the group is accorded the due recognition. This study focuses on cooperative learning as a teaching strategy for learning effectively. Cooperative learning is an orderly form of learning that requires students to work in small groups towards a set goal. The effort put together by each member enables the group to successfully acquire the set goal. Collaborative learning is similar to cooperative learning in that both emphasises a learning method where students are actively involved but collaborative has a wider spectrum of interactions among learning groups on community basis (Bruffee, 1993). It is important to plan and prepare carefully when integrating cooperative learning strategies into a course. When cooperative groups are formed well, students will: depend on each other, solve any problem that arises within the group, be responsible to each other, find ways to assess the task set for them and make sure proper learning environment is maintained. All these make cooperative learning an effective teaching and learning strategy. There have been a number of researches on teaching strategies that impact on students learning effectively with different opinions in several quarters. Lots of debates have also taken place about effective teaching which has to a large extent been based on the efficiency of providing a number of ways of teaching styles and strategies due to the strong recognition that pupils learn in different ways. Cooperative learning has in recent times been criticised largely as a result of its use inappropriately. One school of thought argues that teachers sometimes give much attention to the best students by making them heads of a learning group. This study thus seeks to analyse cooperative learning as a teaching strategy for effective learning. In this study we will explore the following questions: Does cooperative learning bring about effective learning? Does cooperative learning benefit the whole group of students? What can be done to address the needs of all members in the learning groups? LITERATURE REVIEW Cooperative learning has been one of the best researched of all teaching strategies. Results of studies indicate that students who are given opportunity to work together in groups not only learn faster and more efficiently but also have greater retention and feel more positive about the learning experience. The term cooperation is seen as a joint operation or action with a common purpose. It is working in a team where the success of the team entirely rest on the skills of each member of the team. Most researchers and practitioners of cooperative learning stress that it is a formal instructional model in which teachers carefully design lessons and activities that are suitable for use by teams. Team work, under proper conditions encourages peer learning. Teambuilding exercises are very important in the development of teams that will work together for an extended period of time on a complex project or a series of activities. Teambuilding may be defined as the process needed to create, maintain, and enrich the development of a group of people into a cohesive unit (Solomon et al., 1993). Kagan (1986) in his definition of cooperative learning in an Educational Leadership magazine emphasised on the need to establish a well organised interaction socially between students in small groups where general materials can be employed irrespective of the environment or the occasion so far as it is based on a sound creation and a good form of assessment. Cooperative learning among a wide range of teaching strategies has been identified as a successful teaching strategy in which small groups each normally consisting of students having different levels of ability work together to achieve a common goal. Mixed abilities among students are caused by their motivations, interests, and needs; linguistic ability; general educational background; learning styles; age; external pressures and time available to study; and student anxiety (Ainslie, 1994). Motivation is promoted among students through cooperative learning due to the support from each other. Students are told to study material much more than they would otherwise have and to use creativity as a way of proving to their teachers how they have gained control over the study. Students encouragement to do their work in school as noted by Glasser (1986) is somehow based on how satisfied they are psychologically. The students form part of a learning team and can be successful through the group work. To be successful as a group in cooperative learning, members must be on top of the skills required to do a particular task in order to achieve its goal as a team. Cooperative learning activities should be organised in such a way that student in a team are dependent on each other in a more positive way as well as being accountable to themselves. The objectives of a childs education during the early stages are complimented by elements involved in cooperative learning (Johnson and Johnson, 1974). A lot of research on cooperative learning found out that children build up good relations with each other in the team most importantly those from different background. In the early stages of a childs education, the teachers priority is for the children to engage in activities by taking turns and to practice how to share with each other as well as care for one another. Teachers thus plan and organise activities such as cooperative learning which are geared towards bringing out such desirable traits. Teachers also create classroom environment that helps children not only be aware of themselves but also of other children around them. The processes involve in cooperative learning according to Salvin (1984) comprise of all the needs of a cooperative and fair interaction among pupils from all kinds of backgrounds. Again he noted that cooperative learning apart from being comparatively easy and cheaper to undertake also help to attain academic success among members in the team. It has also been proven to establish and make relationship better between students irrespective of their individual differences. Group creativity technique and intensive learning is achieved through cooperative learning. This enables students to think out of the box and generate ideas for the solution of a problem. By so doing, they gain good skills and attitudes towards their learning. Proper assessment is done either by their teacher or their peers during cooperative learning. According to Featherstone (1986), when students are given cooperative task, although the group is remunerated as a whole the assessment of their learning is done discretely. Feedback from such assessment gives students clearer guidance on how to improve their learning and also maximise their potential. Renowned researchers have found out that teaching strategies such as cooperative learning greatly influences students academic achievements. Many research work done on cooperative learning has been proven to be efficient than the traditional way in bringing about effective learning in students. Nor is it all for, it also improves motivation and the level of attainment by students which brings about a positive and a long lasting impact on their social life. Again a childs ability to acquire and put together new ideas is greatly improved through cooperative learning. Students develop and sharpen their skills in finding solution to given tasks due to the fact that they are able to interact freely with team mates having different abilities and from different backgrounds. Cooperative learning again increases the self-esteem of students which more than encourages them to learn and develop an attitude where they become focussed on the task at hand in order to attain high marks. In his assessment in 1998 of certain schools which incorporated cooperative learning as a teaching strategy, Prof. Hopkins of the University of Nottingham noted that, students learnt how to find solution to problems by working as a group whiles employing their individual skills and had also generally improved on their behaviour towards learning. Again it was found that students were able to make use of their acquired skills in different subject areas and that the notion that boys always make less progress in their learning as compared to girls from historical trends were also disapproved. The possibility for achievement by a team can be high when all team members take part in the group activities. Being committed to group discussions makes a lot of information available to the group members, which in turn helps students to take a lot of information on board hence improving their thinking and decision making. When students learn in small teams they mentally analyse what they know, put their view across and expand on it and feel free to ask questions for clarification. Effective and task oriented teams usually have a positive outcome (Soller et al., 1996).

Lower And Higher Cognitive Processes

Lower And Higher Cognitive Processes In cognitive psychology, lower and higher cognitive processes are cognitive processes that governs the way different abilities, for example, perception; attention; thinking; problem solving, are being used. However, each of the processes has their unique characteristics when applying the abilities. Lower cognitive process occurs in an automated manner with lower level of consciousness while higher cognitive process exercises mental activities voluntary with controlled awareness. Nevertheless, this essay aspires to investigate the differences of each process through the introspection and examples in order to help us understand how different each process can be. The Use of Lower and Higher Cognitive Processes in Looking At Experiences Our brain lays two very important processes that govern different abilities, the higher and lower cognitive processes, in fact both processes have different characteristics that can be explicitly observed, while higher cognitive process have a more general, non-automatic, mediated memory, controlled awareness and constructive thinking characteristic, whereas, lower cognitive process a more specific, involuntary automated and unconscious characteristic, thus, lower cognitive processes are instructed and run by higher cognitive processes, (Kalyuga, 2009; Fernyhough, 1996). Nevertheless Stuart-Hamilton (1995) analysed that both lower and higher cognitive processes are linked processes as lower cognitive process is a simple and basic process which governs basics task, for example, pattern recognition, thus, with the incorporated information from the lower cognitive process, the higher cognitive process is in charge of the collection of the information. At the same time, there are differe nt levels of processes to process the received stimuli from the variety of analysing of sensory aspects to semantic and theoretical processing (Eysenck, 1990). In my past twenty-one years, I have experienced quite a number of events which are unforgettable while some were memorable and some were regrets and if there is a chance to turn the clock back to my young age, I will definitely change how I think and how I manage things. While advice was given from peers and matured people around me, I will end up deciding what I want the most and ignore what they have said when I was younger. Nevertheless, there were times where I will look into these experiences and ask myself questions like why do I want to do that and how did I manage to do it. When I was in primary school, I hate to do assignments so almost everyday after school, I will hide my assignments somewhere, places where it cannot be seen, for example, under my bed, behind the cardboard or mixing them with other books. When my mum comes back from work, I will usually say that there were no assignments for the day and I will be allowed to play at the playground or with my toys. The follo wing day, I will tell my teacher that I have forgotten to bring my assignments in order to get away and if the teacher asked again about the assignments, my answer will often be, I loss it and I cant find it anywhere, but the fact is, it is hidden somewhere. However, every half a year, my parents will receive a phone call from my teacher saying that I have not been hand up my assignments for the past few months and my mum will start searching my room. At my surprise, she is able to find most of the books and worksheets and I will be forced to finish all of them in one or two nights. This experience became a continuous cycle for few years of my primary school days. Looking back at my lower cognitive process during my experience, what I want to do is just purely playing and because of that reason, I can even hid and lie to my teachers and parents about it so that I am free from any assignments. I presume that my brain has a certain perception about assignments which causes me to run away from it and what I want is just to play and enjoy myself. According to Margaret (2005), the utilization of perception is through receiving a stimuli by a persons senses while prior knowledge is retrieved to facilitate interpretation. Thus, perception involved physical items where beliefs and concepts are involved about the items and the outlines are being maintained by memory (Hamlyn 1994). Nonetheless, the features of both the stimuli and the prior knowledge are combined by perception (Margaret, 2005). Symbolic activity is also a classification of percetion as a symbol represents something other than itself, in my case, assignments symbolises boredom (Sekular Blake, 1994). Perception is an active process as the perceiver needs to execute certain actions to perceive with the behaviour being steered by the process which motivates a higher level of activity, for example, when I receive my assignments, I will either choose to do it or hid it somewhere and not do it (Sekular Blake, 1994). This gave me an idea of why I will dislike studying so much and even though my parents know about what happened numerous times, I will still continue to do hide my assignments and run away from it. I start to look into the higher cognitive process about how it think during my experience for example, why will I choose to hid my assignments and what made me to have this thought in my mind, why do I hate studying and doing assignments so much and enjoy playing much more, why did I not think that my teacher will call my parents to inform them about the situation. According to Ruggiero (1998), thinking is engaging our minds whilst being in charge of its activity and it is a process that helps us to find an answer to a question, to come to a conclusion and to learn, however, consciousness is not often required to appear during the process of thinking. Making decisions and forming beliefs are part of the thinking where it helps us to eliminate our uncertainties while decision making helps us to reach our goals and our beliefs will determine the actions that are beneficial for us to reach the goal as belief allow us to believe very robustly about something which we determine that it is the truth (Baron, 2008). So for my experience, my belief has caused me to believe that assignments are boring and hiding it was the action that beneficial in order to escape from it. Resistance to change and stereotyping are two things that are in the thinking processes which are very subtle. According to Ruggiero (1998), resistance to change tends to ignore new concepts or procedures in seeing and doing things even before testing them fairly, thus, one of the reasons is laziness. Indeed, advice and even punishments were given to me but because of laziness in me, I ignored and continued my old ways. Whereas for stereotyping, generalization of concepts, locations and people, it creates a good environment for presorted, predetermined, prejudged ideas as each has a compartment for storage with no judgment being placed on (Ruggiero, 1998). Maybe my brain has already stereotyped assignments as boring when I was in school which made it hard to change my way of thinking. Due to my laziness, I end up scoring very badly for my Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) and I got into Normal Technical. When I was holding on to my result slip, I was very upset, angry with myself and I really regretted for not studying hard. My family will regularly have lunch with my parents friends on Sundays and I will naturally focus my attention on what they talking about and also listening and playing with the other children. However, they will often talk about their childrens study and their results, so when I hear anything about study I will fully focus on what they were saying while ignoring others. And when it was about the PSLE and what school their child got in, I felt very embarrass, I felt that I let my parents down and I caused them to feel embarrass when they talk about me so I will walk away and do something else. During this period, I loss my confidence is doing things and I had a low self-esteem which caused me to think that I am not as smart as anyone a round me. But as the time goes by and I grew older, I start to learn to cope with my own thoughts and not judging myself on who I am according to how smart I am academically and understanding that I am good with other things. I was even determined to do my O levels and send overseas for two years to complete United Kingdoms General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and I scored fairly well. I was surprise on how I can divide my attention to focused to what the adults were talking while I play with other kids and when I hear about PSLE results, I am able to focus on what the adults have to say and unconsciously ignoring any other messages around the environment. I believe that it is caused by the sensitivity level about the topic which causes the division of my attention and what I choose to focus on. According to Johnson and Proctor (2004), the function of attention helps us to be aware and conscious towards presented messages or objects and also choosing the actions according to the messages or objects. According to Margaret (2005), divided attention is one of the processes of attention which helped us react appropriately to each thing while paying attention concurrently to a few things at the same time, for example, watching television and understanding what is going on while having dinner and knowing what food it is while putting into the mouth. Hence, divided attent ion uses the split-span technique which breaks two full messages into two short messages that the memory span can register the information without rehearsing into the individual ears (Johnson Proctor, 2004). While selective attention is another process which overlooks the other messages while focusing on just one message and selective attention apply dichotic listening, a technique which the individual side of the ear receive two different type of messages (Johnson Proctor, 2004). Through reading these, it made me understand how I can focus on a few conversations at the same time and suddenly when the topic is on studies, I will focus on that conversation while ignoring the others. I look at the higher cognitive process in my experience, I tried to solve the problem from being unable to study and having low confidence to picking up myself and trying hard to study to scored during the GCSE. According Bransford and Stein (1993), the problem solving process has been described as a cycle that contains different phases but it is not required to be arranged in sequence, the problem solver must; 1) discover and be aware of the problem; 2) mentally classify the problem; 3) come out with a solution idea; 4) information rearranging of the problem; 5) solve the problem through designation of information though the psychological and the physical; 6) keep close observation of the process; 7) check for accuracy of the solution that is brought up. There are two different classification of problems; well-defined and ill-defined (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). Well-defined problems are problems that provide a distinct direction towards finding the solution for is one that is ba sed on the given information, for example, calculating the price for each person from a receipt with a friend while the amount is stated (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). However, ill-defined problems are problems that does not provides a distinct direction towards finding the solution and in order to make ill-defined problems observable, significant work of gather of information is need, hence, it is possible to generate a number of correct solutions from the generation of solutions by the ill-defined whereas well-defined problems can only generate one solution (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). In my experience, learning how to overcome my emotional thoughts and not judging myself, are ill-defined problems that I had to find a solution to them in order for me to start a fresh. Success problem solving requires one to be well-versed in the field of study of the particular subject or issue as well as being a competent thinker, however having only prior knowledge does not ensure that the s olution will be found as the answers are usually unfamiliar and foreign to the problem solver, whereas thinking is required, in partnership with the prior knowledge, to help one to apply the known knowledge to the context of the problem (Ruggiero, 1998). Indeed, I gain success in starting fresh as a new person after I have grown older as I am able to think deeper and better and combine what I have learnt to solve the problem of me judging myself according to my academic level. In conclusion, the lower and higher cognitive process are two different cognitive processes which are linked processes that governs different things which helps us in daily activity like, thinking, perception, attention and problem solving. Through my introspection, I realised that my attention and perception which are part of the lower cognitive process, are both were exercised automatically and unconsciously occurring. However, when I looked into the higher cognitive process, I am required to exercise concrete thinking in order to come out with solutions to solve my problems and the think for ways to run away from my assignments as solutions and ideas will necessitate mental activity.

Student Teaching Paper :: essays research papers

Student Teaching Graduate Paper Spring 2004 As the time approached, my attitude toward student-teaching was one of confidence and in some ways overconfidence. I believed that I was equipped with all of the tools necessary to be a superior teacher. Little did I know what truly goes on behind the scenes of a teacher. Between grading papers, attending meetings, and preparing lessons, I would often feel overwhelmed. Still, student teaching would prove to be much more valuable than I anticipated. It would teach me to appreciate the wisdom of mentors and experienced teachers, value or being organized and prepared, and lastly the resilience of students. Student teaching has taught me to appreciate the wisdom of mentors and experienced teachers. There were several times when my field based supervisors pointed my in the right direction when faced with challenges. I recall a student that I suspected to have copied his homework from other students. I stressed that we figure out how he did it but I could not some up with any definite facts to prove he had did so. Ms. Darling insisted that I not worry about it and if he did cheat then it would be revealed on his exam. Surely enough, the student failed his exam miserably. During a teacher/parent conference, I asked him how he managed to receive an A on all of his homework and fail his exam so poorly. To my astonishment the student confessed to having copied his homework from other students. His mother immediately addressed both issues with her child and needless to say I did not have the problems form the student anymore. During my computer Information technology Course, discipline problem s plagued me during the first two weeks of student teaching. Mr. Washington, another field based supervisor told me to began calling parents immediately after class. He told me to call everyday if I had to. Surely after a few phone calls to parents, behaviors adjusted quickly. By the end of my student teaching time period, in my opinion I had a model classroom as far as classroom behavior goes. Additionally, student teaching has taught me that organization and preparedness are keys to having success. With advice from other student teachers bell ringers became a subtle reason for my success in improving my classroom management skills. I learned that by occupying the students immediately with work it seemed to have a calming affect upon then.

How WW1 Changed British Literature Essay -- essays research papers

World War One began on July 28, 1914 and ended with the signing of the armistice on November 11, 1918. The war cost a total of one hundred eighty-six billion dollars. The total casualties of the war were thirty-seven million, with another eleven million civilian casualties. The British Empire alone lost over three million people in the war. (English) World War One effected the whole world- the heartache and bloodshed changed politics, economics, and public opinion. This war changed people's lives, but it also changes their way of thinking and their way of writing. After World War One British literature was changed from simple stories to a more realistic and meaningful approach to life. Nineteenth century England is what most historians call the Victorian age, which is how British literature got started. It was during the Victorian age that people began to learn how to read and write. â€Å"In 1837 about half of the adult male population could read and write; by the end of the century, literacy was almost universal.† (Abrams) The novel became the most popular form of literature during this time period in England. â€Å"Victorian novels seek to represent a large and comprehensive social world, with the variety of classes and social settings that constitute a community.† (Abrams) The authors of these novels tried to make the reader feel like the characters and the events that take place in the novel seem so realistic that they could see it happening in real life. The novels were written about concerns, or issues, that the everyday person went through. The novels usually dealt with experiences with the relationship in the middle-class or inter-class relationships. Life during the Victorian age is explained in The Norton Anthology as, â€Å"a society where the material conditions of life indicate social position, where money defines opportunity, where social class enforces a powerful sense of stratification, yet where chances for class mobility exist.† (Abrams) Victorian novels usually were focused on a persons struggle to find his or herself in the cruel world of social classes. These types of novels were often written during the Victorian age, in fact Charles Dickens wrote a novel called Great Expectations in 1861, which dealt with a boy named Pip and how he finds his place in the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many good writers during that time period. Charles Dickens, Thomas H... ...uesome poetry came from Owen and Sassoon, who were actually, interestingly enough, bedmates at a hospital during the war. The reason their poetry was so unbelievably moving was the fact that both of them were in the war and they saw the mayhem firsthand. (Wilfred) â€Å"An officer in World War One, he [Sassoon] expressed his conviction of the brutality and waste of war in grim, forceful, realistic verse.† (Siegfred) These two poets alone changed British literature, but they couldn’t have done that without World War One and the pain and suffering, which all people felt. A world war and a depression can put any one down, but what the writer of the twentieth century did was turn that anger, that hate around into realistic, hard-hitting writing. No one likes to remember World War One and the killing that went on, however people always want to talk about the writings of Virginia Woolf, D. H. Lawrence and H. G. Wells. These writers were so successful at what they did because they wrote down on paper what everyone was feeling in the world, whether it was anger or sorrow. Even though World War One was a gruesome event it caused people to question their opinions and made for great literature.

Facilitate Coaching And Mentoring Essay

1 Understand the benefits of coaching and mentoring practitioners in health and social care or children and young people’s settings 1.1 Analyse the differences between coaching and mentoring 1.2 Explain circumstances when coaching would be an appropriate method of supporting learning at work 1.3 Explain circumstances when mentoring would be an appropriate method of supporting learning at work 1.4 Explain how coaching and mentoring complement other methods of supporting learning 1.5 Analyse how coaching and mentoring at work can promote the business objectives of the work setting 1.6 Evaluate the management implications of supporting coaching and mentoring in the work setting 1.7 Explain how coaching and mentoring in the work setting can contribute to a learning culture 1.8 Explain the importance of meeting the learning needs of coaches and mentors 2 Be able to promote coaching and mentoring of practitioners in health and social care or children and young people’s settin gs 2.1 Promote the benefits of coaching and mentoring in the work setting 2.2 Support practitioners to identify learning needs where it would be appropriate to use coaching 2.3 Support practitioners to identify learning needs where it would be appropriate to use mentoring 2.4 Explain the different types of information, advice and guidance that can support learning in the work setting 2.5 Demonstrate a solution ­focused approach to promoting coaching and mentoring in the work setting 3 Be able to identify the coaching and mentoring needs of practitioners in health and social care or children and young people’s settings 3.1 Use different information sources to determine the coaching and mentoring needs of practitioners in the work setting 3.2 Plan coaching and mentoring activities 4 Be able to implement coaching and mentoring activities in health and social care or children and young people’s settings 4.1 Support the implementation of coaching and mentoring activities 4.2 Select the most appropriate person to act as coach or mentor 4.3 Explain the support needs of those who are working with peers as coaches or mentors 4.4 Provide coaching in a work setting according to the agreed plan 4.5 Provide mentoring in a work setting according to the agreed plan 5 Be able to review the outcomes of coaching and mentoring in health and social care or children and young people’s settings 5.1 Review how the use of coaching and mentoring in the work setting has supported business objectives 5.2 Evaluate the impact of coaching and mentoring on practice 5.3 Develop plans to support the future development of coaching and mentoring in the work setting

Environmental Knowledge

1. INTRODUCTION * The aim of this composing is to discover the elements that give impact on their operations according to the principal elements of a dynamic barter environment. In this track pre move deuce companies that I crap which is The carcass crap and Harley Davidson. Nature of commerce The bole storage is some peach tree convergence. They go away produce product by use a nature and against animal(prenominal) scrutiny. Besides that, nature of business Harley Davidson is manu factures hulk cruiser and touring motorbikes.The party operates d 1 deuce segments the rides segment and the financial Services segment. In this report, I impart discuss active the important of environment kat once takege which is pellucid and tacit and explain their SWOT synopsis on some(prenominal) companies. SWOT is a planning tool utilize to signalise abilitys, helplessnesses, Opportunities and Threats involved in a business. It is employ as part of Strategic be after P rocess.Reason I choose The frame make and Harley Davidson comp each is because Im substance abuser of this product, so when I do a research about this fellowship, I shadower know more than about the party and about their product. 2. COMPANY BACKGROUND 2. 1 THE personate disclose * The personate taint multinational PLC known as The remains inclosehouse, has 2,400 stores in 61 countries. The guild, which has its headquarters in Littlehampton, West Sussex, England, was founded in 1976 by Anita Roddick and is now part of the LOreal corporate free radical.The personate store mission argon, to dedicate our business to the pursuit of social and environmental change, to creatively proportionateness the pecuniary and human needs of our s rewardholders employees, franchisees, clients, suppliers, and sh areholders, to courageously ensure that our business is bionomicly sustainable meeting the needs of the present without compromising the future, to meaningfully contri bute to local, national and world-wide communities in which we trade, by adopting a mandate of conduct, which ensures allocate, h wholenesssty, fairness and respect, to passionately fight back for the safeguard of the environment, human and civil ights, and against animal testing within the cosmetics and toiletries industry and lastly to indefatigably s cell nucleus to narrow the gap in the midst of principle and practice, whilst making fun, passion and care part of our daily lives. Anita Roddick. Human Rights Activist. break-dance of The personate fink, state that the vision is I just want The dead body take a crap to be the best, most breathlessly enkindle company and one that changes the way business is carried out. 2. 2 HARLEY DAVIDSON * Harley-Davidson Inc often abbreviated H-D or Harley, is an Ameri shadower motorcycle manufacturer.Founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during the stolon decade of the 20th century, it was one of two major Ameri rump motorcycle manu facturers to break down the Great Depression. Harley-Davidson excessively survived a point in condemnation of poor step control and arguing from Japanese manufacturers. The company sells heavyweight (over 750 cc) motorcycles knowing for cruising on highschoolways. Harley-Davidson motorcycles (popularly known as Harleys) subscribe to a distinctive design and run by with(predicate) and through note. They are especi every last(predicate)y noted for the impost of heavy customization that gave rise to the chopper appearance of motorcycle.Except for the modern VRSC model family, on-line(prenominal) Harley-Davidson motorcycles suppose the styles of classic Harley designs. Harley-Davidsons attempts to establish itself in the legerity motorcycle grocery leave met with express success and draw largely been fling since the 1978 sale of its Italian Aermacchi subsidiary. Harley-Davidson sustains a faithful brand community which keeps active through clubs, events, and a mus eum. Licensing of the Harley-Davidson brand and logo accounted for $40 million (0. 8%) of the companys net revenue in 2010.Mission statement for Harley Davidson is To fulfill dreams through the hold of motorcycling, by providing to motorcyclists and to the general everyday and expanding railway of motorcycles and branded products and dishs in selected mart segments. For vision is Harley Davidson corporate conscience and it helps us to eliminate short bound opinion, much(prenominal) as cashing in on the intense demand for our motorcycles by tolerant quantity precedence over quality to save a few dollars per unit. It as bullocky encourages every employee in our organization to be acutely aware of his or her pctage in satisfying our stakeholders. . THE IMPORTANT OF environment KNOWLEDGE 3. 1 THE BODY SHOP 3. 2. 1 Explicit companionship academicianian go through or know-what that is described in formal language, print or electronic media, often based on open work processes, use people-to-documents approach * devise Process The oecumenical employees of The dead body sell are creating a global school principal of diaphanous knowledge to include cultural differences. Their repository of global best practices is founded on manduction and documenting knowledge. They approach business issues from an forces of perspectives.No matter where in the world a problem occurs, there is no one right answer but some workable approaches. The Body Shop diorama knowledge objects as templates of core insights that support be utilize in any cultural environment * Learn The Body Shop gives the employees on the job cookery and makes a trial and error. Senior go forth guide the new(prenominal)s employees. From this, The Body Shop leave alone meet goals and objectives notice by organization. * percentage knowledge The Body Shop employees entrust extract knowledge from person, figure, store and use as needed for customers by e-mail, electronic discussions or forums . 2. 2 Tacit knowledge practical, action-oriented knowledge or know-how based on practice, acquired by personal experience, seldom express openly, often resembles intuition. * Evaluation The Body Shop make an evaluation by support overlapping aggroups to share interests and determine. exclusively employees stir a confidential evaluation of everyone with whom they spend a penny worked closely. Compensation is attached to the network of peer relationship and is directly tied to cooperation and sharing of knowledge. Employees are also evaluated on how ell they engulf themselves in various projects, work with assorted groups to meet priorities and meet clients needs. When there are enough close personal team contacts, it is possible to draw a real multi facial expressionted picture of an individuals doing. * Teach Every employee at The Body Shop have their own mentor. teach will guide them how to do work done well. Besides that, this company will ha ve a internships to their employee. * Type of thinking Their employee must have a creative, flexible, unchartered thinking. This because they always make a refreshful product and they need satisfy their customer. . 2 HARLEY DAVIDSON 3. 3. 1 Explicit knowledge academic knowledge or know-what that is described in formal language, print or electronic media, often based on schematic work processes, use people-to-documents approach * luck Knowledge Harley Davidson created elaborate ways to codify, store and reuse explicit knowledge. Its people-to-documents approach extracts breeding from the person who causeed it and makes it independent of its developer. All client sensitive info is withdraw and selected information is reused.Information is transformed into a proven, fortunate solution that green goddess be used in the same or alike(p) industry. * Relationships Harley Davidson use a top-down approach. This makes their employee discover a good relationship amid their top m anagement. 3. 3. 2 Tacit knowledge practical, action-oriented knowledge or know-how based on practice, acquired by personal experience, seldom denotative openly, often resembles intuition * Documentation Harley Davidson used a common documentation regularity to facilitate lateral communication.Technicians write up war stories to teach each other how to diagnose and fix machines. Service reps door over 5,000 tips a month for a 5 percent saving on both parts and labor. Field service reps create and maintain the tacit knowledge base by contributing and alteration all the tips and information and maintaining the system. Each time reps contribute a tip, their name goes on the system. * Technology Harley Davidson shares its explicit knowledge through Internet. This electronic system links to worldwide offices.Harley Davidson network connects more than 85 percent of its professionals through data, voice and video interlinks. Customers problems from anyplace in the worlds are posted on Harley Davidson electronic bulletin board. This request is followed up on with visual and data contacts that right away self-organize around that specific problem. Centrally smooth and carefully indexed subjects, customer references and resource files are accessed directly through Internet or from CD-ROMS distributed to all offices. Sets of possible solutions are created and sent to customers. 4. SWOT ANALYSIS 4. 1 THE BODY SHOP Body Shop International (Body Shop) is a multinational company which is principally producing ecologic skin and hair products. Their products are solely based on inbred ingredients and manufactured according to an ethical code which is opposed to animal testing. The cosmetics franchise is considered to be one of the biggest around the globe with a well established reputation in 54 countries. LOreal, the dominant company in the beauty industry, acquired Body stool in 2006. Although Body Shop has sustain a subsidiary of LOreal S. A it still acts ac cording to its own policy, values and ethical code.The acquisition has solved Body Shops financial problems and has provided the substance for expansion to a bigger trade share. 4. 1. 1 Strength for The Body Shop are * Brand Loyalty Body Shop is greatly dependent on its brand reputation which is a comminuted factor in sales. Due to its uncommon products, it has come out to be seen as one of the most environmentally affable retailers. * LOreals support By being a subsidiary of LOreal, Body Shop appears to have an addition in sales. Furthermore, LOreals experience in advertisement and merchandise rout out boost boilersuit sales. Niche foodstuffing Body Shop targets a nook market. By stating that it is not testing its products on animals and by appearing to have an ecological profile, it has appealed to customers with ethical issues. Being the only haunt in the shopping reduce that sells ecological products, has given it advantage in the local market. * Charity support Body Shop provides financial aid in charities by giving small amount of gold from particular products they sell. Body Shops support in local charities and non-profit organizations enhances its show in the local society. . 1. 2 Weakness for The Body Shop are * backward service Body Shops location, at bottom a shopping centre where it is always crowded, in combination with the fact that there is inadequate personnel results in slow service for the customers. Customers may be discouraged and might prefer a retail outlet in a central location. * Political Unstable semipolitical factors in the countries that put up the company with ingredients and the company doesnt have the monopoly anymore * Consumer The freeing of trust from a part of the consumers 4. 1. Opportunities for The Body Shop are * Product cultivation Body Shop can take advantage of LOreals experience in research methodology and cogency in order to improve and develop their own existing products. LOreals takeo ver can bring financial and expertise or consulting support * The young-begetting(prenominal) grooming products The improver in the employ of male grooming products indicates that there is a demand on this particular inlet market. on that pointfore the supply of a wider jog of products for men can sum up overall sales. 4. 1. 4 Threat for The Body Shop are Brands comparison LOreal can prove to be harmful for Body Shops reputation. The popular lore of Body Shop as ethical can be altered overdue to the fact that LOreal is considered to be unethical. * ambition Body Shop can face contender in any rural if a company that also produces inseparable based products e. g. LUSH, ELIANTO decides to open an outlet inside the shopping centre. * Legal New statute about animal testing can raise the competition in the so far monopolist market and difficulties in distribution because of the new legislation about chemical ingredients. . 2 HARLEY DAVIDSON * The Harley-Davidson Corpor ation has been bossy the motorcycle industry for many decades. Today, it continues to have a buckram movement in the American market. Harley-Davidson, Inc. is the parent company for the group of companies doing business as Harley-Davidson Motor alliance, Buell Motorcycle Company and Harley-Davidson Financial Services. Harley-Davidson Motor Company manufactures five families of motorcycles Sportster , Dyna Glide, Softail , Touring and VRSC.Buell Motorcycles Company produces sport motorcycles, including quartette big-twin XB models, and the single-cylinder Buell Blast . Buell also offers a line of motorcycles parts, accessories, apparel and general merchandise. 4. 2. 1 Strength for Harley Davidson are * This year, Harley-Davidson celebrated its 100-year anniversary. Over the departed century, the company has created a strong brand image and a loyal customer base. It maintains a close relationship with its customers through a multifariousness of program, such as Hog Owners Group (H. O. G. , product offerings and events such as Daytona, motor shows, and rallies. In addition, Harley-Davidson has a strong financial position, excellent supply chain management, and a superior product line, which are enabled through creative engineering science technology and design. Due to the decline in the market share to Japanese companies in the seventies, Harley-Davidson phased out its weak models, becoming more selective in targeting a specific customer segment and limiting sales and promotion. This strategy created a niche market for their bikes in which the company enjoys a strong position today. . 2. 2 Weakness for Harley Davidson are * The Harley-Davidson company has several weaknesses. First, the company is in its maturity stage and, unless it manages to protect its position, it will be faced with the decline diaphragm again. Secondly, the companys products are expensive, which limits them to a specific niche in the market and makes it difficult to grow their custom er base. They also have a wait-list for certain products, which can create a substitute effect. Lastly, they are lacking a strong presence in Europe. 4. 2. 3 Opportunities for Harley Davidson are There are various opportunities in the market for Harley-Davidson today, especially with the introduction of the new V-Rod motorcycle. The company has the innovator status advantage in the Performance Cruiser class market segment. They are expanding their partnerships with various European manufacturers, which should increase the presence of Harley-Davidson products in Europe. The corporation is well positioned to attract younger customers, and the company has caboodle of room for growth due to the high demands for its products. 4. . 4 Threat for Harley Davidson are * Harley-Davidson is facing rigorous competition from Japanese manufacturers, specifically Honda and Yamaha. Yamaha targets the low-end market by providing a variety of products at affordable costs. Yamahas core competencies a re small engines, electronic control, and fibreglass reinforced plastic. Yamaha is currently snap on increasing its global competitive position. Honda is one of Harley-Davidsons strongest competitors and is responsible for one-third of all motorcycle sales in the U. S.It has a strong financial base and safe products. It continues to improve the performance of its motorcycles by focusing on fuel efficiency and sink emissions. In addition, Honda is beginning to increase its performance in the market by introducing information technology tools through its dealerships. These tools help increase dealer performance and create a more positive experience for the customer. * Financial position Harley Davidson currently holds a strong position in the market. However, it is in flush competition with Honda and Yamaha. . CONCLUSION * As a conclusion, SWOT analysis provides strategic insight on recommendations and opportunities for The Body Shop and Harley Davidson to role out a strategic p lan. As an actionable management tool, the SWOT helps the both companies in on the right scat of action to leverage the businesss unique characteristics. By turning threats into strengths, and matching strengths with opportunities, they can make the most of their power in the current marketplace and maximize their chances of success.Other than that, both companies and environmental knowledge will benefit from the enormous potential of knowledge management if they engross the suggestions of how to integrate knowledge management aspects in their environmental information systems. A save winner, and may be the most important. purlieu knowledge can help to elevate improve the effectiveness of their companies. Besides that, The Body Shop and Harley Davidson that recognize and use their employees steadily growing wealth of tacit and explicit knowledge to solve problems and achieve goals have a major competitive advantage.However, both companies need to improve how they acquire and share tacit and explicit knowledge. 6. REFERENCE * http//www. thebodyshop. com * http//www. harley-davidson. com * http//www. e-referate. ro/referate/Harley_Davidson_-_SWOT_analysis2007-10-01. hypertext mark-up language * http//swottowsanalysis. blogspot. com/2011/08/tows-analysis-swot-analysis-body-shop. html * Text book The line Environment by Adrian Palmer & Bob Harley, ordinal Edition * Sir Mohamad Basari Bin Sapar 7. APPENDIX The Body Shop In 1985, in its root year as a public company, The Body Shop sponsor posters for Greenpeace. A year later, it creates an Environmental Projects Department of its own, art object the first major window campaign for The Body Shop is Save the giant with Greenpeace, in 1986. Harley Davidson * MARCH 17, 2003 Former hotfoot director, Dick OBrien, passed away. Dick OBrien was arguably the most prosperous racing directors in Harley-Davidson history. Born in 1921, he worked as a mechanic and racer for the Puckett Motors Harley-Davidson in Flor ida.Hired by Harley-Davidson in 1957, he led the companys racing team to 16 epicurean National Championships and 183 individual championships over the run-in of his career. In response to stiff competition from Japanese and British dirt and bridle-path bikes, OBrien supervised the development of the XR-750. This innovative motorcycle went on to become the most successful dirt track motorcycle in AMA history. He also worked with Willie G. to develop the Sportster Streamliner, which set record-breaking speeds at the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah. He retired in 1983 after 26 years with the company.

Mmk227

MMK2 7 MM 277 U it Out ne Uni O tlin rimes ster 1, 201 1 13 Tr Un Code nit e Un Nam nit me ourse Co MMK277 trade Manag g gement of merce sheepskin o Comm of a ommunic cation sheepskin o Media and Co of gement Diploma o Manag For more infor rmation con ntact MIBT T + 61 3 9 9244 5197 F + 61 3 9 9244 5198 E emailprotected eakin. edu. au u W mibt. vic c. edu. au Melb bourne Institut of Business and Technolo te s ogy Pty Ltd (M MIBT) CRIC cosine Provider c codes MIBT 01590J, Deak in 00113B 0 CONTENTSA whole step from your building block of measurement Co-ordinator .. 3 Contact details 3 whole overview .. 3 acqui puzzleion Objectives 3 kernel and startlets cover Learning Approach and Activities 5 MIBT tran bewilderional Attributes 5 positive(p) school texts . 5 Recomm force proscribeded schooling .. 5 Deakin University Library . 6 Assessment .. 6 deep in thought(p) figurees 6 Assessment reviews / arouses .. 7 schoolman botch Assignment long-suffering .. 8 posthumous submission of appointments .. 8 Learning prevail .. 8 scaling system . 9 Changes to muniment.. Class copying.. 9 Student evaluation of this building block 10 Trimester cartridge clipt suitable 11 APPENDIX A scrutiny Requirements and news of instructions . 13 This document is present-day(prenominal) at 21/02/2013. erst printed this document is no long- get windd a controlled document.LAcademic whole Outlines2013-01 Diploma of c any in entirely tolding MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 2 A Note from your building block Co-ordinator Welcome to MMK277 selling Management. This building block synopsis explains the aims of the building block and describes the judicial decision requirements. This Unit Guide is an all-important(a) timbre of this course and de parting be referred to finishedout the trimester in lectures and tutorials. You should al personal manners pack this unit guide primary and check it frequently when preparing to engage, or embarking o n appointment playact up. Contact detailsUnit Co-ordinator Room Telephone Email subscriber Room Telephone Email John Boyd Gerny la4. 111, aim 4 advanceing la 0419 369 114 emailprotected edu. au Craig Allen la4. 111, aim 4 build la 0412 735 443 emailprotected edu. au Unit overview Unit Unit title of respect Prerequisites T each(prenominal)ing method Nature of the Unit This unit trial runines the nature of merchandising management from a selling planning perspective. The focussing of discussion is the coordinated activities of the network of workrs of goods, services and experiences which judge to satisfy their clients.Emphasis is placed on marketing system createulation and the use of strategic marketing blend in portions in develop and maintaining a market penchant and assessing organisational per ricochetance. Aspects of marketing such as marketing explore, customer behaviour, product innovation and marketing conversation atomic number 18 as well as interr ogatoryined. MMK277 Marketing Management Nil quartet hours of tier contact per week be allocated to this unit. Learning Objectives On shutdown of this unit students should be able to 1. 2. 3. 4.Identify and explain theoretical beliefs and the marketing mix elements employ in marketing strategy development apologise the use of market in actation in developing segmentation and positioning strategies Apply the marketing concept and marketing strategy in various contexts including good and non-for-profit organisations, including government Demonstrate effective group-based oral and compose communication skills when presenting marketing plans for selected organisations. This document is stream at 21/02/2013. erstwhile printed this document is no chronic a controlled document.LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of doctor MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 3 Content and Topics Covered mental faculty 1 faculty 2 Module 3 Module 4 Module 5 Module 6 Module 7 Module 8 Module 9 Module 10 Module 11 Marketing Creating and Capturing customer Value. positive(p) text Chapter 1. Company and Marketing Strategy Partnering to Build Customer Relationships and Analysing the Marketing Environment. positivist Text Chapters 2 and 3. Managing Marketing In miscellanyation to Gain Customer Insights. positive(p) Text Chapter 4. at a lower placestanding Consumer and Business buyer Behaviour. Prescribed Text Chapters 5.Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Creating Value for buttocks Customers. Prescribed Text Chapter 6. Products, Services and Brands Building Customer Value Prescribed Text Chapters 7 and 8. get hold to Capture Customer Value. Prescribed Text Chapter 9. musical ar reachingment Customer Value Fulfilment. Prescribed Text Chapter 10. communicating Customer Value publicise and Public Relations. Prescribed Text Chapter 11. communication Customer Value private Selling and Sales advance Prescribed Text Chapter 12. grade and Digital Marketing Building ma tched Customer Relationships. Prescribed Text Chapter 13.Graduate association and lowstanding, skills and attributes This induction aims to ensure that its higher education awards append educational experiences designed to develop attributes (including skills, intimacy and attitudes) sequester to the checker atomic number 18a and level of the award, which provide support calibrates in their future personal and professional life and rack upice to society. This unit contributes to the following attributes Linked Learning Objective(s) 1, 2, 3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 N/A N/A Knowledge and understanding, Skill or Attribute chthonianstanding of, and the bility to work with, a regular body of knowledge, appropriate to the focus and level of the efficacy based on the highest standards of scholarship and look for Where research is undertaken ability to initiate and formulate viable and pertinent research misgivings Where research is undertaken contrib ution to impudently knowledge, or an original interpretation and use of existing knowledge Where research is undertaken understanding of the social, economic and ethnic concern and application of their research, and its academic relevance and value Understanding of the professional, social, economic and cultural contexts of the discipline and related palm Aw atomic number 18ness of ethical issues, social responsibility and cultural diversity Aw arness of environmental sustainability issues and the contribution of the celestial orbit of study to address such issues Understanding and discretion of international perspectives in a global environment Critical analysis, problem solving, and creative thinking Identifying, gathering, evaluating and apply information Communicating effectively and appropriately in a range of contexts Developing, planning and managing independent work Working effectively as part of a team Effectively using information and communication technologies A pplying knowledge learned in the plan to new situations This document is current at 21/02/2013. formerly printed this document is no durable a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 4 Learning Approach and Activities The unit involves quartet hours contact per week. It is the aspirationion to build knowledge on the marketing planning process and how this is successfully implemented in market- and competitororiented organisations that include profit-oriented companies, government and the non-for-profit sector. net plan of attack is mandatory for this unit with all students as all lectures and learning material is provided on it and all students are expected to frequently check with the MIBT portal for on-going course activities. Tutorial exercises ordain be apt(p) to students to complete on a weekly stem during the Trimester. Learning in this unit is emboldened by an enthusiastic and experienced teaching team. They result monitoring device the fall apartroom during week days throughout the trimester in order to engage with students, facilitate discussions of attain concepts, and crystalise any unit content and to own announcements. Class room discussions and experiences are a unique aid in understanding marketing concepts. The input of students leave behind signifi offertly divine service the understanding of critical marketing concepts by sharing their experiences and opinions.Furthermore, it will aid the students by offering trialples of actually marketing experiences and make the gradees more enjoyable. auditions are held during the semester with details on hand(predicate) on the MIBT portal. The slip study presentation moldinessiness(prenominal) be finished in groups. Forming a group to work with, to produce an oral presentation and written assigning is a fundamental part of completing this part of sound judgement. It is essential you become proactive in communicating wit h your buster group members, and with approaching potential group members you regard to work with. This mind can not be completed single(a)ly. You must be part of a group in order to complete this valet of assessment.It is known that group work enhances your teamwork skills, reduces work thin out and provides the luck for you to test your knowledge with fellow students modify you to learn valuable life long skills. precise details and instructions related to all assessment in this unit are provided on the MIBT portal. MIBT transitional Attributes All ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? MIBT Diploma units contribute to the following graduate attributes independent learner knowledge base research skills clipping management skills report writing skills sentience of ethics of tertiary education use of appropriate technologies ability to work alone and as part of a team Prescribed texts The content of the text book and the lectures are testinginable in this subject. The lecture program will prov ide you with key points on the range of topics to be covered in the course.Lecture material will predominantly come from the prescribed text, as salubrious as early(a) sources. Armstrong G, Adam S, Denize S, and Kotler P 2012, Principles of Marketing, 5e (5th edition), Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest, new-fangled South Wales It is potently recommended that you purchase or at least mother entrance fee to this book Recommended Reading from each one week introduces new chapters that must be point in the prescribed textbook. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 5 Deakin University Library Searching the meshwork is a key way of finding information especially for superior general and any(prenominal)day topics.The Library website is a key way to find academic journals, books, e-books, subject databases and websites that contain quality i nformation for your study of this unit, and as research for assignments. some(prenominal) of these resources are online so that you can access them on campus, at home or at work any day, any time. The Librarys help services, in person or via email, phone or instant messaging, will assist you to make the virtually of library services and save research time. journals ? Journal of Marketing ? Journal of Consumer Research ? Journal of Marketing Research ? Journal of the Academy of Marketing light ? European Journal of Marketing ? Journal of sell ? Journal of Service Research ?Journal of Advertising ? Journal of Marketing Management ? Journal of Consumer psychological science ? And many, many more Newspapers and Magazines Newspapers and weekly magazines will provide a valuable insight into current issues and developments in marketing. Many also provide articles on the Internet on topical issues. The Age (http//www. theage. com. au) The Australian (http//www. theaustralian.. com. au Australian Financial freshen up (http//www. afr. com. au) Business Review calendar weekly (http//www. brw. com. au) Ausstats database (http//www. abs. gov. au) Assessment The assessment for this subject is a combination of tests, case studies and a final trial runination.Weight payable date Brief description The case study has two parts, an oral presentation and written report. Each fraction is outlay 15% of the total label for this subject. Trimester tests. Details un enlargeed on MIBT penetration The exam is a two-hour, closed-book. The examination covers the finished trimesters work. It is the students responsibility to determine the date, time and location for the examination. Linked learning objective(s) oddball chew over 30% During Trimester During Trimester End of Semester trialination head 1, 2, 3, 4 Tests 30% 1, 2, 3 Examination 40% 1, 2, 3 Notes Full details regarding all assessment tasks will be provided on the MIBT portal. You must read and understand these details.The information provided here in this outline and the table above entirely provide a summary. Missed Classes Please stigmatize it is the responsibility of students to sit for a test on the scheduled date. blow to sit a test must be supported by a medical security and shown to the lecturer WITHIN 48 HOURS OF THE SCHEDULED seek DATE. THE MARKS FOR THE interrogation WILL BE ALLOCATED TO THE final exam EXAMINATION. IF YOU ARE GOING TO MISS A TEST PLEASE CONTACT THE RECEPTIONIST AT MIBT AND LEAVE A MESSAGE. COPIES OF THE MEDICAL CERTIFICATE moldiness ALSO BE GIVEN TO YOUR LECTURER OR BY roughly OTHER ARRANGEMENT. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document.LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 6 If a student misses a mini test, they cannot sit that test in some another(prenominal) class. Students can only sit tests in the class they are enrolled in. If a student completes the t est in other class, it will not be attach and the student will get a slide fastener for that piece of assessment. on that point will be an opportunity for students to catch up on missed classes. This will be discussed in class. Assessment reviews / appeals Students whitethorn appeal against the mark/grade awarded in any component of their assessment. The appeal must relate to the assessment procedures and not simply dissatisfaction with the final grade tending(p).Appeals will be considered by the unit co-ordinator and a recommendation do to the MIBT Academic Progress Committee. Appeals are made by completing a Review of Assessment diligence procurable from the Student Portal under Students / Forms. The form must be lodged at MIBT Reception by 5. 00 pm on the Friday after the publication of results. particular(prenominal) musing Special Consideration may be provided when a student completes a piece of assessment and the student believes there be in possession of been excep tional and adverse circumstances affecting their performance. (Note Special consideration is not normally intended for assignments and other forms of continuous assessment.Here the betoken for Extension of Assignment Due Date form should be employ and dealted to the lecturer concerned. The form is available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms. ) Applications for Special Consideration will be authentic on medical, compassionate, and/or trauma grounds. Supporting evidence, clearly stating specific reason, must be given with the application. Reasons such as headaches, colds or returning home, will not be accepted as grounds for Special Consideration. Students are undeniable to complete a Special Consideration/Deferred Exam Application available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit to MIBTReception, together with supporting documentation forward the assessment is due, or within 2 on the job(p) days of completing the assessment. Academic misconduct The Academic Integrity and Plagiarism and Collusion Policies are available on the Student Portal under Students / Forms / MIBT Policies and Procedures. Students should make themselves familiar with the content of these policies. Plagiarism and collusion are academic offences. They are forms of cheating and severe penalties are associated with them. If a student is caught plagiarising they may be failed in that piece of assessment. ? Plagiarism occurs when a student passes off as their own another students work, or copies without acknowledgement of its committal to writing, the work of any other person. Collusion occurs when a student obtains the agreement of another person for a fraudulent purpose with the intent of obtaining an advantage in submitting an assignment or other work. ? Submitting your own work when it has been previously submitted for another unit or course. Whenever you refer to another persons research or ideas (whether by directly quoting or by paraphrasing them) you MUST acknowledge the source. Also, retroflexing paragraphs from the Internet and presenting them as your own work is plagiarism. If you download and model paragraphs from the Internet you must identify the source. References / acknowledgement of authorship (including electronic resources).You MUST acknowledge the sources that you fix move on. This is a necessary courtesy to the original authors, and also allows the readers of your work to follow up any points you have raised. If you directly copy another writers phrase, sentence or paragraph, then you should use quotation marks and note the source of the quote. If you use another writers ideas, but not his or her exact words, you should again note the source. at that place are a number of ways by which you can refer to other peoples work. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 7For an sa mple the reference list should include full citations of all sources consulted for the testify and these sources should appear in the body of the essay EG. (Thwaites, 2012 ) wherever a reference to someones work is made, instead of footnotes. This referencing method, like all methods, involves noting the authors name, the title of the article and journal, or book, the year of publication, the journals volume number, the book publishers name and location, and the relevant page numbers. A copy of Guide to Assignment Writing and Referencing is available to every student during Orientation. It is also available on the Deakin University website http//deakin. du. au/currentstudents/assets/resources/study-support/study-skills/assign-ref. pdf Assignment submission Assignments must be submitted by the due date. Students should complete the Assignment Cover rag week (available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms), attach it to their assignment and then submit the completed assign ment as outlined in the assignment details. (Assignments will not be accepted at MIBT Reception). Students must cargo deck a copy of each assignment submitted and must be able to produce the copy in the unlikely event that the original assignment is misplaced. Students must maintain backup copies of all their assignment work.Electronic expiry of data is common, but is NOT a equal excuse for an extension of a submission date. Late submission of assignments Extension of an assignment submission date If there is a compelling reason wherefore you are unable to complete your assignment forward the due date you should complete a collect for Extension of Assignment Due Date form, available from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit it to your lecturer. This must be done at least 24 hours onwards the assignment due date. If you submit your assignment without an approved extension, penalties for late submission will apply. The only exception to this is if your work is late for medical reasons and you have a doctors certificate to support your claim.You will not need to seek the earlier praise of your lecturer but you must attach the doctors certificate to your assignment with a note that the work is late for medical reasons. Under these circumstances, the medical certificate must cover the entire period from the time the assignment was due until the time it is submitted. Penalties for late submissions Assignments received late and without prior approval will be penalised. A penalty of 10% of the available marks will be deducted for every day the assignment is late. Assignments received after 7 days without an approved extension, will not be marked. Learning support Students have access to group-oriented and individual learning support at MIBT.During each trimester, students can attend a series of study skills workshops conducted two at MIBT and Deakin University on topics such as time management, avoiding plagiarism, referencing, academic writ ing, critical thinking and exam preparation. The MIBT Study Skills Drop-in Centre provides students with one-to-one consultations with the Academic Skills Advisor. Students can also access the Deakin University Language and Learning Drop-in Centre at Student Life. For flexible learning, all students have access to the Academic Skills Moodle site which contains a number of resources to remediate students study skills and language proficiency. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 8 marking systemAll students enrolled in any unit will be graded according to MIBTs standard place system as follows GRADE HD D CR P N DE EX RI RPL RW UP W WN XN DESCRIPTION High Distinction Distinction reliance Pass Fail Deferred Examination Exemption given Results Not Finalised Recognition of Prior Learning Results Withheld unimproved Pass (Safety Units) secluded without academic penalty Withdrawn Failure Enrolled Assessment Incomplete PERCENTAGE 80 100 70 79 60 69 50 59 0 49 Changes to enrolment ? Enrolment changes can be made through the student portal until 5. 00 pm Friday of the ? A unit can be dropped until the end of the fourth week (without penalty) and fees paid for ? ? ? second week of the trimester. the dropped unit will be credited to the next trimester.After week four if a unit is dropped fees for that unit will be forfeited. Students who drop a unit after Week 4 will have W (Withdrawn) envision as their result in the unit. A unit dropped after Week 8 will be recorded as WN (Withdrawn Fail). A unit cannot be dropped in the final two teaching weeks of a trimester. Class Attendance Attendance is an important element of a students success in their studies and it is strongly recommended that attendance is maintained in all classes. All work covered in class is examinable. Attendance will be recorded in all sessions and stude nts should make themselves aware of the Attendance polity located on the Student Portal under Students / MIBT Policies and Procedures.Where alternative classes exist for a unit, students are permitted to attend a maximum of two alternate classes per unit during the trimester. Students should collect a Lecturer Attendance sportswoman form from answer or from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit it to the lecturer of the alternate class to sign and verify the students attendance. The form is retained by the lecturer who submits this with the class list. Further, grants of generate from a class can be given for medical, compassionate or compelling reasons provided that original or certified medical, psychological, police or other certificates are provided. Students are to complete an Explained Absence Form from reception or from the Student Portal under Students / Forms and submit to reception.Compassionate or compelling circumstances are more often than not those beyond the control of the student and have an doctor upon the students course progress or wellbeing. This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 9 Student evaluation of this unit At the end of trimester students will be asked to adjudicate all of the units they have studied during the trimester. Students are strongly encouraged to complete the Student Evaluation form for this unit and give feedback. All ratings and comments are read and given careful consideration following completion of each trimester and inform the changes which may be introduced in subsequent trimesters.This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 10 Trimester timetable Week 1 2 3 Week Commencing Monday 4 blemish 2013 Monday 11 March 2013 Monday 18 March 2013 Topic Marketing Creating and Capturing Customer Value. Analysing the Marketing Environment. Company and Marketing Strategy Partnering to Build Customer Relationships. Managing Marketing instruction to Gain Customer Insights. Textbook Chapters Ch 1 Ch 3 Ch 2 Comments 4 Monday 25 March 2013 thorium 28 March 2013 to Wednesday 3 April 2013 Ch 4 miniskirt Test 1TRIMESTER BREAK EASTER Managing Marketing teaching to Gain Customer Insights. Understanding Consumer and Business Buyer Behaviour. Customer-Driven Marketing Strategy Creating Value for Target Customers. Products, Services, and Brands Building Customer Value. Pricing to Capture Customer Value. Communicating Customer Value Advertising, Public Relations, Sales Promotion and Personal Selling. Placement Customer Value Fulfilment. Direct and Digital marketing Oneto-One Customer Relationships. Revision. Ch 4 Ch 5 Ch 6 mini Test 1 4b 5 6 Thursday 4 April 2013 Monday 8 April 2013 Monday 15 April 2013 7 8 9 Monday 22 April 20 13 Monday 29 April 2013 Monday 6 whitethorn 2013 Ch 7,8 Ch 9 Ch 11,12 Mini Test 2 10 11 12 13Monday 13 May 2013 Monday 20 May 2013 Monday 27 May 2013 Monday 3 June 2013 Friday 7 June 2013 Ch 10 Ch 13 Mini Test 3 EXAMINATION WEEK Trimester 1 Census Date Results released on portal Wednesday 27 March 2013 Tuesday 18 June 2013 This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 11 instruction manual TO CANDIDATES READ BEFORE COMMENCING Note A quiver (X), in a box indicates the instruction applies. A blank box indicates the instruction does not apply. X This exam is a CLOSED BOOK exam. This exam is an OPEN BOOK exam. XYou may use a (non-electronic) LANGUAGE ONLY DICTIONARY. You may use a CALCULATOR. If programmable, the memory must be empty. Mobile phones cannot be used as calculators. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS 1. 2. 3. declaration all questions in the exam booklet provided. There are three (3) sections in this exam. All sections must be attempted. component 1 dish up all parts of the one (1) mini case question in fraction 1(26 Marks). Section 2 Answer ten (10) short response questions in Section Two (10 x 3 marks = 30 marks). Section 3 Answer two (2) out of five (5) extended response questions in Section Three (2 x 12 marks = 24 marks). Students must complete ALL parts of each question answered.This exam is out of 80 and is worth 40% of the marks for this subject. Answer all questions in the exam booklet provided. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. THIS EXAMINATION PAPER MUST NOT BE REMOVED FROM THE EXAMINATION means This document is current at 21/02/2013. Once printed this document is no longer a controlled document. LAcademic Unit Outlines2013-01 Diploma of Commerce MMK277 V27 02/13 Page 12 APPENDIX A Exam Requirements and Instructions SUMMARY OF EXAM REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. You should arrive for your exam at least 15 minutes in the first place it is scheduled to commence. You will not be permitted to sit the exam if you are more than 30 minutes late.You MUST have your MIBT student ID card with you for every exam you sit. You will not be permitted to enter the exam room without it. No electronic equipment whatsoever, with the viable exception of a calculator, may be used in an exam. Personal items (purse, wallet, mobile phone) may be brought into the exam and should be left underneath your desk. Do NOT leave valuables in bags at the end of the exam room. Mobile phones MUST be switched off. both mobile phone which rings during an exam will be confiscated and not returned until the exam papers have been collected and placed into storage Find out before end of the trimester whether your exam is Open accommodate or Closed Book.Find out before the end of the trimester whether or not you can establish a calculator or a printed vocabulary into the exam. The penalties for misbehaving or having wildcat material (c heating) in an exam are severe. Make sure you know before hand what materials you can take into your exams. Any irrelevant written material must be pass in before the exam commences. Students found with unauthorised material in their possession during an exam may have their paper cancelled. Students who are ill during an exam may apply for special consideration using the form found on the student portal. An application for special consideration MUST be attach to by supporting documentation and submitted within 2 working days of the exam. Students who are prevented from